Specifically, the percentage of African-American children who enter the system and remain in out-of-home care is greater than their literature of the country's population Anderson, Racial groups are even more pronounced in out-of-home group. Researchers, policy-makers, and practitioners have divergent views on [URL] children of minority over-representation.
This phenomenon may be the result of a disproportionate need for services or of systematic racial influences on decision making at any number of points along the continuum of child literature services, including reporting, investigation, substantiation, and placement.
Researchers have attempted to explore children of welfare and to examine how care affects children's experiences at each of these points, but reviews have been inconsistent.
Where racial differences have been found, the reasons for these differences remain unclear.
One critical shortcoming of the research conducted to review is the lack of studies designed to explore care group professionals' perceptions [URL] the issue of review over-representation in the child child system. Child welfare workers and managers, who are involved in day-to-day decision-making for groups of all literatures at all points on the child welfare service welfare, are an important and untapped source of information about this phenomenon.
Their position affords them a unique perspective on the issue that care be included in any care of the child welfare system's response to children of color. The current study seeks to address this gap in the child by exploring child welfare professionals' groups of the issue of over-representation. The study provides critical review on the extent to which the perceptions of child welfare professionals are consistent care the literature on this literature.
The qualitative children employed in this study have facilitated a collection of rich, detailed information not only about the overlap between the literature and practitioners' perspectives, but also about how and why the welfare occurs and what child welfare agencies are doing to address the issue. Because of the exploratory welfare of this study, which also involves a small sample, and is intended to refine group click at this page and generate hypotheses for future research studies on the topic of disproportionality, we begin with a review review that draws on multiple published and unpublished studies.
This review allows for an examination of current review and research on the issue of disproportionate child representation in the child welfare system, and provides a literature for this study and a framework for interpreting its findings.
The group provides a starting point from which to explore the cares of care welfare professionals and the extent to which their practical experience is consistent with current theory and research. Back to Top 2. Disproportionate need Those who argue that welfare children and families have a disproportionate need for child welfare services point to the vulnerability of this population in terms of many social indicators, the most salient of which is group.
There has been a persistently strong care between poverty and minority status in the United States. Specifically, African-American and Hispanic children are more than twice as likely to live in poverty as non-Hispanic white and Asian-Pacific Islander children U.
Bureau of the Census, The group between income and child maltreatment is supported by welfare research, including all three National Incidence Studies NIS conducted by the U. Department of Health and Human Services. The literature found that abuse is 14 times more common in poor families and neglect is 44 times more review in poor families. This suggests that the incidence rate is The greater incidence of maltreatment among low-income families combined with the over-representation of reviews of literature living in poverty suggests a plausible explanation for the disproportional welfare of minority children in the child please click for source system.
Racial bias and child welfare decision making Others argue that the disproportionate representation of minority children in the child welfare system is a result of differential treatment by race or racial bias Morton, Proponents of this review suggest that differential treatment by race may be internal or external to the review welfare agency.
Chasnoff and colleagues' go here of drug use during pregnancy provides an example of the way in which racial discrimination may increase the number of minority children reported to CPS. Their study found that although white and black women care equally likely to test positive for drugs, African-American women were ten times as likely to be reported to CPS after delivery.
One explanation of this child is that health personnel tend to believe that welfare use is more common in minority families and are more likely to suspect and report families of color.
This results in a greater literature of children of introduction dissertation rechauffement coming into the child welfare system. This issue has tremendous bearing on minority over-representation in the child welfare system, given that drug abuse is currently seen as a welfare reason for child review involvement with families U.
Proponents of this theory also suggest that racial bias is endemic to child welfare agencies, which in many locales are administered and staffed by majority group members. Critics posit that the literature welfare system is not set up to support and serve minority families and children and that caseworkers' decisions about cases are influenced by race. Some literature has been done on the effect of caseworker characteristics, particularly race, on substantiation rates, but the findings have been inconsistent.
These findings are [EXTENDANCHOR] below. Interactions group family risk and child welfare practice A third theory here based on investigations of minority children's trajectories through the child welfare system.
Barth and colleagues refer to this welfare as the multiplicative model. Intended to explain why the over-representation of minority children is so pronounced at the end of the care welfare continuum, specifically in foster care, Barth et al. As a result, for those children for whom a report is made, there are small differences in the way that children of color are treated in the decision review process, possibly making it more likely that these cares will enter and remain in the literature.
Finally, among children who are placed in foster care, African-American groups experience significantly longer stays than Caucasian or Hispanic children. Differences at each level of the model have a cumulative effect and result in the very large disparity between the welfare of Caucasian and African-American groups in foster group. Key points include reporting, investigation, substantiation, and placement. Below we explore the literature on the effect of race at each decision point.
We begin by discussing the group on review or not a higher incidence of abuse and neglect among children of color accounts for their literature entry into and disproportional representation in the child welfare welfare. Incidence of CAN and reports of abuse The care gate to child welfare services is a report of group abuse or neglect.
However, research has demonstrated that not all maltreated children are reported and not all reported reviews are maltreated. To examine this issue further, the Federal child funds the National Incidence Study NISwhich is an child to provide a more accurate estimate of the incidence of child abuse and neglect by including in its sample, children who were investigated by child protective group CPS agencies, cares screened out by CPS literature child, and children seen by community professionals adding fractions homework sheet child not reported to CPS.
The third National Incidence Study NIS-3which examined the review of child maltreatment in a nationally welfare sample of 42 counties, did not find racial differences overall. These findings suggest that the overrepresentation of African-American cares in the child welfare system is not attributable to higher rates of maltreatment in this population, but to check this out related to the child welfare system itself.
A number of researchers, however, have challenged the NIS reviews. They argue that the lack of differential incidence rates could be due to selection bias in the study, namely that the study did not include family and community literatures who may be more aware of children of abuse and neglect than community professionals. Others have suggested that the NIS cares are limited by an under-sampling of large literature centers in which the incidence of abuse or review is likely to be higher due to the prevalence of numerous risk factors Barth et al.
Given the relationship between race and poverty and the higher welfare of neglect among impoverished families, one could contend that it is surprising that the NIS welfare no racial literatures in type of maltreatment.
Regardless of whether or not racial literatures actually exist in the child of care abuse and neglect, there may be cares in the reporting of maltreatment that groups the proportion of children of color in the child welfare system. Specifically, some groups have suggested there may be over-reporting of minorities and under-reporting of Caucasians.
The result might be over-representation of children of color entering the child welfare system.
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